Introduction to Mono on macOS
Mono supports macOS version 10.9 (Mavericks) and later.
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You can use Mono on macOS to build server, console and GUI applications. Read below for the options available for GUI application development.
If you are interested in creating native GUI applications, use the MonoMac bindings and our MonoDevelop add-in. Read the description on MonoMac for more information on how to get started.
Installing Mono on macOS
You can use Mono either as a runtime to run existing application, or as an SDK to develop new applications with Mono.
Visit the download page to find the latest macOS package. Run it and follow the instructions there, you can either get a basic runtime, or a complete runtime plus a software development kit.
If you plan on developing applications with Mono, we suggest that you also install the MonoDevelop IDE after you install Mono.
The Mono package includes:
- The Mono Runtime
- GUI Toolkits: Windows.Forms and Gtk# for macOS.
- Note: the MonoMac GUI toolkit for native macOS GUI development is currently a separate download.
- SDK: C#, Visual Basic compilers, assemblers and tools
- XSP ASP.NET server
- Manual pages.
This package installs as a framework into /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework
(the same way the Java packages are installed). The executable binaries can be found in /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/Current/bin
. If you’d like to access the mono manpages you’ll have to add /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/Current/man
to your manpath. The macOS Mono package does not include Gtk#, XSP or mod_mono. These will have to be compiled from source.
Mon Format
Our packages currently require macOS 10.9 or better, for older versions, you will need to build from source code.
Using Mono on macOS
At this point, you must use Mono from the command line, the usual set of commands that are available on other ports of Mono are available.
To build applications you can use “mcs”, to run then you can use mono.
From a Terminal shell, you can try it out:
Most users would be using the MonoDevelop IDE to create their projects.
You will have a choice of GUI toolkits for building your application, from pure cross platform, to Mac-specific using MonoMac.
32 and 64 bit support
The Mono packages published on this web site provide both a 32-bit and a 64-bit Mono VM.
Starting from Mono 5.2 the mono
command defaults to 64-bit, you can use the --arch=32/64
switch to control the bitness.
The 64 bit support has a few limitations today:
- Our Windows.Forms implementation uses Carbon, and as such, it would not work with a 64-bit Mono.
Building Client Applications
There are a few choices to build client applications on macOS, you should pick the technology that better fits your goals, your choices are:
Toolkit | Runs on Linux | Runs on Windows | Runs on Mac | Binding Style | License | Status |
MonoMac | no | no | yes | Strongly typed C# binding to Cocoa APIs | MIT X11 | Actively developed, builds on the design lessons from MonoTouch but still incomplete. This will be the new default binding for Mono on macOS. Separate download. |
Gtk# | yes | yes | yes | Strongly typed C# binding to the cross platform Gtk+ API. Applications look foreign on macOS. | LGPL v2 | Actively developed, cross platform. Bundled with Mono. |
Windows.Forms | yes | yes | yes | Cross platform implementation of Microsoft’s Windows.Forms. Applications look foreign on macOS. | MIT X11 | The Windows.Forms API was frozen in time by Microsoft. Bundled with Mono. |
MonObjc | no | no | yes | Binding to the native Cocoa APIs, but requires manual use of Objective-C selectors to work with, relatively thin wrapper around the underlying APIs. | LGPL v3 | Actively developed. Separate download. |
CocoaSharp | no | no | yes | Binding to the native Cocoa APIs, but requires manual use of Objective-C selectors to work with, relatively thin wrapper around the underlying APIs. | MIT X11 | No longer developed, no longer maintained, deprecated. Bundled with Mono. |
Running Mono applications on macOS
Running applications on macOS is very similar to linux systems, from the terminal:
For GTK# applications, it’s easiest to run them the same way but using xterm from X11.app
Windows.Forms
Mono’s implementation of the System.Windows.Forms API is built on top of Carbon and can only run with Mono on 32 bit systems. The look and feel of System.Windows.Forms applications mimics the Windows style and does not currently render like a native macOS application.
Third Party Libraries
ObjC# is a transparent two way bridge that allows the CLR to access the rich underlying ObjectiveC frameworks as well as providing direct access to the CLR frameworks from the ObjectiveC language.
Uninstalling Mono on macOS
Run this script in a terminal:
You can make all of your displays mirror each other, or extend your workspace with different apps and windows on each display. If you use an external display with your Mac notebook, you can also use closed-display mode.
Check your requirements
- Check the ports on your Mac to find out whether you need an adapter.
- Check how many displays your Mac supports: Choose Apple menu > About This Mac, click Support, then click Specifications. On the webpage that appears, the number of displays your Mac supports appears under Video Support.
Use extended desktop mode
Maximize your workspace with extended desktop mode, which lets you enjoy full-screen apps and windows on each monitor. Then, use Mission Control to organize apps and windows across your displays. If your Dock is on the bottom of your screen, it appears on any of your displays when you move your pointer to the bottom edge of your display.
Turn on extended desktop mode
- Make sure that your external display is turned on and connected to your Mac.
- Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, then click Displays.
- Click the Arrangement tab.
- Make sure that the Mirror Displays checkbox isn’t selected.
Arrange your displays or change your primary display
So that you can move apps and windows across your displays in one continuous motion, arrange your displays to match the setup on your desk. You can also change your primary display, which is where your desktop icons and app windows first appear.
- Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, then click Displays.
- Click the Arrangement tab.
- To change the position of a display, drag it to the desired position. A red border appears around the display as it's moved.
- To set a different display as the primary display, drag the menu bar to the other display.
Use video mirroring
With video mirroring, all of your displays show the same apps and windows.
Turn on video mirroring
- Make sure that your external display is turned on and connected to your Mac.
- Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Displays, then click the Arrangement tab.
- Make sure that the Mirror Displays checkbox is selected.
Use AirPlay
With Apple TV, you can mirror the entire display of your Mac to your TV, or use your TV as a separate display. To turn on AirPlay, follow these steps:
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- Make sure that your TV is turned on.
- Choose in the menu bar, then choose your Apple TV. If an AirPlay passcode appears on your TV screen, enter the passcode on your Mac.
- Mirror your display or use your TV as a separate display:
- To mirror your display, choose , then choose Mirror Built-in Display.
- To use your TV as a separate display, choose , then choose Use As Separate Display.
- To turn off AirPlay, choose , then choose Turn AirPlay Off.
If you don't see in the menu bar, choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Displays, then select the 'Show mirroring options in the menu bar when available' checkbox.
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Learn more about how to AirPlay video from your Mac.